Racial segregation in public transportation was a significant issue in Black history, particularly in the United States. Prior to the Civil Rights Movement, laws and customs enforced the segregation of Black and white passengers on buses, trains, and other forms of public transportation.

In the South, Jim Crow laws mandated separate seating areas for Black and white passengers, with Black passengers often relegated to the back of the bus or to specific sections. These laws were enforced through a system of discrimination and violence, with Black passengers facing harassment, intimidation, and even physical harm if they did not comply with segregation laws.

One of the most famous examples of resistance to racial segregation in public transportation was the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956. In response to the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger, the Black community in Montgomery, Alabama, organized a boycott of the city's bus system. The boycott lasted for over a year and ultimately led to a Supreme Court ruling declaring segregation on public buses unconstitutional.

The success of the Montgomery Bus Boycott marked a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement and inspired further activism against racial segregation in public transportation and other aspects of American society. The struggle for desegregation of public transportation was a key part of the larger fight for civil rights and equality for Black Americans.